A sinusoid is a smoothly changing oscillating signal which repeats with frequency f : engineers use angular frequency ω = 2πf.
Below is shown a sinusoid with sliders to allow you to change its amplitude, angular frequency, and to shift it in time (phase shift).
When a sinusoid is input to a linear system, its output is a sinusoid of the same angular frequency, resized and shifted in time.
You can select different systems (click on blocks to change their parameters), and see the sinusoidal output when you change the sinusoidal input.
The sinusoids can also be represented by a line at an angle (marking out a circle) on a Polar plot : please click here for further explanation
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